（新春见闻）与木头对话的“守艺人”：手做的笼屉有“灵魂”******
中新社乌鲁木齐2月2日电 题：与木头对话的“守艺人”：手做的笼屉有“灵魂”
作者 史玉江 翟薇 商凯旋
春节期间，新疆生产建设兵团(下称新疆兵团)第十三师红山农场家家户户都蒸花馍，这也是笼匠袁吉清一年中最忙的时候。
一间二十多平方米的房内，摆放着不少制作中的笼屉，房间一角，堆满了加工后的木材。袁吉清站在烧热的半圆铁模具前，借高温将一块木板塑形成圆环状，瞬间，房内充盈着木头灼烧的气味。“这是制作笼屉中最难的一步，只有多做才能掌握力道和火候，做好大概要一周。”袁吉清告诉记者。
作为当地唯一的笼匠，袁吉清制作笼屉已44载，一直坚守纯手工制作。用袁吉清的话说，手做的木质笼屉才有“灵魂”。
笼屉是传统手工炊具，在普遍使用地灶、铁锅的年代，笼屉很普及。如今，木质笼屉逐渐消失，笼屉匠也和其他匠人一样淡出人们视野。但在中国乡间及喜好自然粮食味道的人中，仍用传统笼屉。
记者注意到，袁吉清许多工具的木质把手已经盘出一层油润的包浆。“这些工具都是我父亲用过的。”袁吉清称，其父是红山农场有名的木匠。
“从小就喜欢看父亲做笼屉。”凭几样简单的工具，就能将一根根木头“变成”器具，儿时的袁吉清觉得很神奇。
袁吉清1986年初中毕业后，从锯木条开始，在父亲的指导下学习木工活。“那时候，家家户户都蒸馒头，所以来我家做笼屉的人非常多。”几年后，他开始专攻做笼屉的手艺。
笼屉看似简单，但要经过选料、裁料、盘料、穿撑、铺笼齿等20多道工序。袁吉清还将父辈传下来的每一个步骤都做了改进。“要想让笼屉卖得好，还要学会变通。”
“不是什么木头都能制作蒸笼，我选取的是松木，纹理要好，不能有树节，否则制作的蒸笼不耐用。”说起蒸笼，袁吉清满脸洋溢着自信。
多年来，袁吉清制作的笼屉凭借着用料和做工，在当地闯出名声，周边县乡的人也去他家买笼屉。凭借着这个手艺，袁吉清一年有六七万元人民币的收入。
刘峰在红山农场场部经营着一家馒头店。他说，“袁师傅做的笼屉质量好，用30年都不坏，而且用木质笼屉蒸出来的馒头也带着一股特殊的香味，客人们都很喜欢吃。”
近年来，新疆兵团对传统文化愈加重视，袁吉清被确定为第十三师新星市木蒸笼制作的传承人。袁吉清说，当他从父亲手中接过“笼刀”(笼匠的专业工具)时，就担负起传承的使命。“打算在兔年找一位对笼屉制作技艺感兴趣的年轻人，将这份手艺传下去。”(完)
中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******
中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。
资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄
由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
